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Intent is a key capability in 21st century military operations and is a vital element to facilitate subordinates initiative (U.S Army 2003, para.1-69),〔U.S Army (2003) Field Manual 6.0 - Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Army. para.1-69 Available at: http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir043/a30a.pdf (March 10, 2009 ).〕 self-synchronisation (Alberts et al. 1999, pp. 175–180)〔Alberts, D.S., Garstka, J.J. and Stein, F.P. (1999) Network Centric Warfare 6th ed. Washington , D.C. DoD Command and Control Research Program. pp.175-180 Available at: http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_NCW.pdf ISBN 1-57906-019-6.〕 and collaboration and cooperation (Alberts and Hayes 2007,pp. 109–114)〔Alberts, D.S. and Hayes, R. (2007) Planning: Complex Endeavours Washington, D.C.: DoD Command and Control Research Program. Available at: http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_Planning.pdf (July 4, 2008 ). ISBN 1-893723-20-8.〕 amongst team members in joint operations.〔Gustavsson Per M. (2011-to appear) PhD Thesis "Modelling, Formalising, and implementing Intent in Command and Control Systems" De Montfort University Leicester, UK〕 == Intent content == In the reviewed open military doctrine literature intent is a critical component for command and control. The many definitions that exist of intent are mostly similar but the actual intent content differs and is unclear. Intent content can mainly be found as concept descriptions in doctrinal handbooks relating to development or impact usage of intent.〔 The following examples represent United Kingdom, Sweden, Canada, United States, and NATO doctrinal view of intent. * British Army ''Doctrine'' defines it as "Intent is similar to purpose. A clear intent initiates a force’s purposeful activity. It represents what the commander wants to achieve and why; and binds the force together; it is the principal result of decision-making. It is normally expressed using effects, objectives and desired outcomes....The best intents are clear to subordinates with minimal amplifying detail." * Swedish Armed Forces - Integrated Dynamic Command and Control (IDC2) (Josefsson 2007)〔Josefsson, A. (2007) Ledningskoncept för integrerad dynamisk ledning (IDC2) C2 concept for integrated dynamic command and control.) Stockholm: Swedish Armed Forces.〕 define intent to "Intent is a concise formulation of the overall goals and purpose. The focus is to describe operations, restrictions and resource allocation." * Canadian Forces Joint Publication 5.0 (Chief of the Defence Staff 2008, pp. 5E-2)〔Chief of the Defence Staff (2008) The Canadian Forces Operational Planning Process (OPP) Available at: http://www.cfd-cdf.forces.gc.ca/cfwc-cgfc/Index/JD/Pub_Eng/J5%20Publications/CF%20Joint%20Doctrine%20B-GJ-005%20FP-000%20-%20Operation%20Planning%20Process-%20En.pdf.〕 "Commander's Intent. This summary should provide the Commander's overall intent and establish the purpose of the plan. It is an important focusing statement for subordinate commanders. (1) Military Objectives. (2) Desired Military End-State. (3) Transition Conditions". * US Field manual 5.0 (U.S. Army 2010, para.2-90)〔U.S. Army (2010) Field Manual 5.0 - The Operations Process U.S. Department of the Army. Available at: https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm5-0.pdf (January 20, 2011 ).〕 constitute the US Army’s view on planning, preparing, executing, and assessing operations. "The commander’s intent is a clear, concise statement of what the force must do and the conditions the force must establish with respect to the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations that represent the desired end state (FM 3–0). The commander's intent succinctly describes what constitutes success for the operation. It includes the operation’s purpose and the conditions that define the end state. It links the mission, concept of operations, and tasks to subordinate units." * NATO allied Joint publication 1 (AJP-01) (NATO 2010, para.0538)〔NATO (2010) AJP-01 - Allied Joint Doctrine D. Brussels, Belgium: NATO. Available at: http://nsa.nato.int/nsa/zPublic/ap/AJP-01(D).pdf.〕 provide the keystone doctrine for the planning, execution and support of Allied joint operations. "The intent defines the end-state in relation to the factors of mission; adversary, operating environment, terrain, forces, time and preparation for future operations. As such, it addresses what results are expected from the operation, how these results might enable transition to future operations, and how, in broad terms, the Commander expects the force to achieve those results. Its focus is on the force as a whole. Additional information on how the force will achieve the desired results is provided only to clarify the Commander’s intentions." * US Joint Publication 3.0 (US Joint Chiefs of Staff 2010, pp. IV-25)〔US Joint Chiefs of Staff (2010) Joint Publication 3-0 - Joint Operations. , March 2010 . Available at: https://fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3_0.pdf (January 20, 2011 ).〕 provides the doctrinal foundation and fundamental principles that guide the Armed Forces of the United States in the conduct of joint operations across the range of military operations.” commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the military end state.” and continues with ”It also includes where the commander will accept risk during the operation. The initial intent statement normally contains the purpose and military end state as the initial inputs for the planning process. “ * Other doctrinal work that have been used in this survey are US Field Manual 6.0 (U.S Army 2003, para.1-68)〔U.S Army (2003) Field Manual 6.0 - Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Army. Available at: http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir043/a30a.pdf (March 10, 2009 ).〕 describe doctrine on C2 for tactical Army echelons (corps and below), US Field Manual 3–0 (U.S. Army 2008, para.5-55) presents overarching doctrinal guidance and direction for conducting operations and is one of the two capstone doctrine hand books for US army, SwAF - Regulations for ground operations (Regler för markoperationer) (SwAF 2009, p. 143)〔SwAF (2009) Reglemente för markoperationer (RMO) "Regulations for Ground Operations" M. P. Svensson, (ed.) 3rd ed. Stockholm: Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters. M7739-350009.〕 UK Glossary of Joint and Multinational Terms and Definitions (The DCDC 2006, pp. C-16)〔The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (2006) United Kingdom Glossary of Joint and Multinational terms and Definitions 7th ed. Ministry of Defence. Available at: http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E8750509-B7D1-4BC6-8AEE-8A4868E2DA21/0/JDP0011Ed7.pdf.〕 Intent in military doctrinal handbooks is expressing a variety of definitions of what intent consist of. The identified intent artefacts generally express the initial state and situation, the desired end state and outcome, and how to get to the desired end state. Artefacts describing the initial situation are: own and other forces, adversaries, operating environment, terrain, time, preparation for future operations. Artefacts describing the outcome are: purpose, goals, mission, effects and end state. Artefacts describing how to reach the outcome are: concept of operations, tasks to subordinate units, risk willing, how results might enable transition to future operations, objectives, transition conditions, restrictions in conducting operations, allocation of resources, and expectations of force usage. Another way is to identify intent artefacts are from how people actually communicate intent. Klein (1998, pp. 225–229)〔Klein (1998, pp.225-229)〕 present the results of information types that is identified in intent communication. The seven information types of intent are according to Klein (1998, p. 226):〔 1) Purpose of task which describes why the task is performed, 2) objective of task, presents a picture of the desired outcome 3) sequence of steps in the plan. Klein identifies this to be a source of problem since to detailed descriptions may limit the subordinates initiative, 4) rational for plan includes all the information that where present when making the decision 5) key decisions that may have to be made, i.e. if there is a choice to be made the commander can provide the intent in how he wants it to be conducted 6) antigoals, describe unwanted outcomes 7) constraints and other considerations describes weather and rule of engagement etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intent (military)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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